http://blogs.dnvgl.com/software/2014/11/project-life-cycle-support-using-ram-analysis/
RAM (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability) analysis are commonly used to support the decision making process. The analysis can be used throughout the project life cycle to support the decisions that have to be made at each of the various stages:
Conceptual Design
The Conceptual Design is a preliminary stage where a description of the proposed system in terms of a set of integrated ideas and concepts are made. The result is the generation of many Design Concepts which are supported to evaluate the feasibility of each conceptual alternative. Advanced RAM analysis allows quick screening of various development options to assess suitability (from a functional & commercial perspective) of the proposed designs.
Front End Engineering Design stage
Once a number of options have been selected, a more detailed analysis can be carried out to choose major equipment types and maintenance philosophies. At this stage, the most important decisions in regards to concept and plans for the project are made. Some of the questions that you might want to answer at this stage are:
- How does equipment/unit reliability impact production?
- What happens if equipment performance is worse than expected?
- What size storage tanks (equipment) should I have?
- What is the impact of unit over-design (catch-up) margins?
- What is the optimum unit configuration in order to maximise production/availability and maintenance reduction?
- Will it be possible to meet the customers’ demands for products?
- What is supply efficiency to each customer?
Advanced RAM analysis helps you to decide what is the best configuration for your assets and aids you in answering these and many more questions.
Detailed engineering
The Front End Engineering Design (FEED) stage leads to the creation of primary design documents such as process flow diagrams (PFDs), Process & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs), equipment lists and equipment datasheets. Once the FEED has been finalised, a much more detailed design for the system is specified. At this stage, the questions are much more specific:
- What happens if I improve equipment reliability?
- What is the financial impact of investing in more reliable equipment?
- Should I spare equipment to increase reliability?
- How many spares do I need to have and how would it increase system reliability?
Advanced RAM analysis ensure that the system design meets your required performance targets.
Execute
By identifying the critical elements and the bottlenecks in the system, the results from an Advanced RAM study can be used to feed in to other methodologies, such as Risk Based Inspection (RBI) and Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM). Subsequently, the output from the RBI and RCM processcan then be fed back into the model to provide a final picture of system performance.
Operational Stage
During the Operational phase, it is not very cost-effective to make decisions in regards to the design. However, Advanced RAM analysis can also be used to assess impact of planned modifications. The most common evaluation carried out during the Operational stage is related to the maintenance philosophy which, basically, refers to number of spares, re-stock time and available personnel. There is always a trade-off between the cost of lost production versus the cost of maintenance.
Rejuvenate
For mature systems, as we keep asking more of our ageing assets, the Advanced RAM methodology allows you to find potential areas for rejuvenation or facilities life extension. Many sensitivity cases can be applied to a mature system model, which will indicate to various rejuvenation options and the potential gains quantified.
A platform at the end of its lifecycle must be assessed to extend their production. Many parameters must be evaluated:
- Ageing systems and old technology – what is critical when it comes to production loss?
- Decommission of problematic systems – which system should be turned off?
- Where should I focus main preventive maintenance?
Decommission
Sometimes, due the high number of variables in an oil and gas development, it is not easy to identify at where the operational expenditure exceeds the revenue, making the system no longer economically viable. By modelling all the transient behaviours of a system, Advanced RAM analysis helps you to evaluate decommissioning strategies viability.
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